Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Enlarged Prostate - Causes & Symptoms (October 2026)

What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, a small organ located below the bladder in men. As the prostate grows, it can press against the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body), leading to urinary problems.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or enlarged prostate, is a common condition in ageing men. Its prevalence increases with age, although symptoms and severity vary between individuals.

• Nearly 90% of men over 80 have some degree of prostate enlargement

So if you’re dealing with it, you’re definitely not alone.

Causes of Enlarged Prostate (BPH)

Now, you might be wondering—what actually causes this condition?

Well, the exact cause isn’t fully understood, but several factors play a role:

1. Aging

Age-related hormonal changes are associated with the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The exact mechanisms contributing to prostate enlargement are not fully understood.

2. Hormonal Imbalance

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone derived from testosterone, is known to contribute to prostate enlargement.

3. Family History

Family history may be associated with an increased likelihood of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia.

4. Lifestyle Factors

• Obesity

• Lack of physical activity

• Poor diet

These can increase the risk over time.

5. Chronic Conditions

Conditions like diabetes and heart disease may also contribute indirectly.

Common Symptoms of BPH

Common Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Symptoms may include frequent urination, nighttime urination, a weak urine stream, difficulty starting urination, dribbling and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.

Urinary Symptoms Include:

• Frequent urination (especially at night—nocturia)

• Weak urine stream

• Difficulty starting urination

• Dribbling at the end

• Feeling like the bladder isn’t fully empty

• Sudden urge to urinate

Severe Symptoms (Don’t Ignore These):

• Complete inability to urinate

• Blood in urine

• Recurrent urinary tract infections

Seek medical assessment for persistent or worsening urinary symptoms. Inability to pass urine requires urgent medical attention. Blood in the urine or recurrent urinary infections also warrant prompt evaluation.

BPH Assessment and Prostate Artery Embolisation in Hyderabad?

Dr. Shaileshkumar Garge provides vascular and interventional radiology services, including assessment for prostate artery embolisation (PAE). Suitability for PAE depends on clinical evaluation, prostate-related symptoms, diagnostic findings and individual treatment needs.

Citi Vascular Centre, KPHB, Hyderabad, provides vascular and interventional radiology services. Available procedures, their potential benefits and risks, and expected recovery should be discussed with the treating specialist.

Comparison Table: Treatment Options

treatment has advantages, so consulting a specialist is essential before making a decision.

Treatment Decision Flowchart

Step 1: Mild symptoms?
➡ Try lifestyle changes + medication

Step 2: Symptoms persist or worsen?
➡ Review the diagnosis, symptom severity, prostate characteristics and response to current management. Discuss appropriate treatment options with the relevant specialist, including medication, PAE or surgery where indicated.

Step 3: Complications or severe symptoms?
➡ Urgent assessment may be required. The appropriate treatment depends on the complication, clinical findings and specialist evaluation.

Managing BPH: General Health and Follow-up Advice

Want to manage BPH effectively? Here are some practical tips:

• Cut down on caffeine and alcohol

• Don’t delay urination

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Exercise regularly

• Follow your doctor’s advice consistently

• Schedule regular prostate check-ups

Lifestyle adjustments may help some urinary symptoms, but their effects vary. They do not replace medical assessment when symptoms persist or worsen.

FAQs

1. Is BPH the same as prostate cancer?

BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate and is distinct from prostate cancer. The two conditions can coexist, so urinary symptoms should be evaluated appropriately.

2. Can BPH be cured without surgery?

Some patients may be eligible for prostate artery embolisation (PAE), an image-guided, minimally invasive treatment option for BPH. Suitability, expected benefits and potential risks depend on individual clinical findings. Medication and other procedures may also be appropriate.

3. How long does PAE take?

The duration of prostate artery embolisation and the timing of discharge vary according to procedural requirements and the patient's clinical condition. The treating team can explain what to expect.`

4. Is treatment necessary for mild symptoms?

Not always. Lifestyle changes and monitoring may be enough initially.

5. When should I see a doctor?

Consult a healthcare professional if urinary symptoms persist, worsen or affect daily activities. Inability to urinate requires urgent medical attention.

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